It's also possible that PIO has better scripting and aggregate report generation capabilities than GTO+, but I haven't looked into all the scripting potential of GTO+ yet. 5-694. It's preferred to install it outside of you system directories, so C:\PioSolver is better than C:\Program Files\PioSolver . This is because the dashboard uses a different formula to estimate the percentiles. Once the report is saved, the “Submit” button will become available. Aggregates may be produced from igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rocks, but geological type does not by itself make an. Those are reports about overall frequencies/EVs of actions on various runouts. Descriptive analytics helps companies. SIEM, pronounced “sim,” combines both security information management (SIM) and security event management (SEM) into one security. 0 Basic – $249. The jacoco-report-aggregation plugin provides this ability when applied to the distribution project, such as an Android application or WAR subproject. Money isn't an issue. 2. Share. 2 billion, which translates to a q/q growth rate of 18. It seems to me…This is something much simpler and way more powerful. I share a collection of updates from the past 6 months, including an WSOP trip and an analysis overview about comparison. Up to 2 activations (use on two PCs). Real-time feedback is available after each decision you make or you can even play many hands across up to 4 tables to review your overall. 10. Choose one of our sample configurations (you can create your own but this is a quick start guide). 10. Of course long term you're going to do better with KJs than 54s, which has a lot less equity - fewer winning runouts. The interface is the same as before with one more street to choose. Aggregation reports. Solve any ICM structure. Then we take a look. deepstack needs to use a neural net for evaluation approximately 50 (chance cards) * 100 (end of round nodes) * 1000 (cfr iterations) times per solve. The 22Q3 Y/Y blended earnings growth estimate is 4. The ranges tab allows you to copy the ranges from any node into standard Piosolver / GTO+ text input. For example you can ask. Common use case for the scripts is automation of the tasks. 6). This compares to a long-term average. I created a simple aggregate report to analyze a flop scenario, focusing on a single-raised, UTG vs BB pot in a 6-max, 100BB cash game. To write expressions that specify non-default scopes takes some practice. Saves your time by classifying your sending sources. Translating solver outputs into human language to simplify the learning curve. Assign PKO bounties. 3bet pots from SB are important too. PioSolver optimize study time. PioSOLVER. Aggregate report sending destination. With GTO+, you can rely on mathematics to always know how to play in any. Thinking of running some aggregate reports or preflop sims? If it’s a common spot, chances are this work has already been done for you and condensed into some key takeaways. 6 October 11, 2015 20:01. The process of taking a sample of aggregate that is truly representative of the nature and condition of the aggregate in the stockpile, bin or transfer point is called aggregate sampling. However it’s come on in leaps and bounds and is now the main tool I recommend to students (and use myself). 17)Rounding preflop Rounding feature now works for preflop trees as well. One of my favorite things about GTO wizard as a poker training app is that you can upload your cash game or tournament hand histories (up to 100,000 hands) and it will analyze each hand for -EV and you can look at each hand in a solution. Sign-ins are aggregated in the non-interactive users when the following data matches. However, some users wanted a way to simplify things. From the project sidebar, select Reports. The solver tree is a representation of the different actions you can take at each decision point in a hand. 🔗 Useful Links 🔗🛒 For the solved ranges I use in this video 👉 For my website 👉. The default value is 86,400 seconds, or one day. Based on your willingness to do research and study, Odin will provide you with access to a whole wack of charts and reports providing you with check frequencies based on certain bets for 1,700+ flops. The columns above layout key elements in your DMARC reports including: DOMAIN – the domains where you published a DMARC record to collect DMARC data. PRICE: $475 Select the Hands page using the “Analyze” dropdown menu at the top of the page. Lastly, let’s examine a turn report to see how BTNs strategy changes across all turn cards when ICM is a factor. California Department of ConservationS&P 500 Aggregate Estimates and Revisions. While I'm pretty sure the preflop solutions that come with Piosolver are not solved, they are more of just a basic starting point. This sample shows how to aggregate code coverage across multiple Java subprojects using JaCoCo. PioSOLVER 2. PioSOLVER Tutorials: Aggregated Reports David Alford 2. It’ll actually end up cheaper for you overall but with a much better product. Buy Edge. Recently Alberta University team announced the solution of heads-up limit Holdem. Fees and costs. The user interface is friendly and super fast to use compared. The Annual Report on Homelessness in Arizona has been prepared pursuant to A. runs a bunch of specified scripts for a number of steps, chooses best and discards rest, proceeds to run the chosen one deep. 1. With some limitations it's possible to move license from one computer to another e. Log aggregation, therefore, is a step in the overall management process in. It will be most observable when the distribution of the timing values is spread too wide. It summarizes and highlights patterns in current and historical data. Turn Analysis: Construction Exercise Using PioSolver Part 3 (26:18) Turn Analysis: Construction Exercise Using PioSolver Part 4 (23:46) Module 7 - Mass Data Analysis. comes with the full version of PioVIEWER. With the information provided by the risky sign-ins report, administrators can find: Which sign-ins are classified as at risk, confirmed compromised, confirmed safe, dismissed, or remediated. 17)Rounding preflop Rounding feature now works for preflop trees as well. US government users in GCC High and DOD are now able to search for. Report queries. #poker #video #course #top #help #education #. 07min. TexasSolver v0. Piosolver tutorial on Studying c-betting frequencies. So devide 12. Be careful, it makes the reports very significantly bigger. (Not recommended) or you could. It contains exactly the same metrics as the Aggregate Graph. Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. Poker contains a lot of repetitive math, especially when studying poker hands away from the table. v103 (17/10/2017) - Bugfix for bug that caused "All flops" button (aggregate report) to be. Forensic reports are sent each time your DMARC record catches an email. Hello guys, I want to export both players subgroups data from range explorer and make a aggregated report to see how equity distribution affects betting strategies on different boards. 8K views 5 years ago Piosolver Study ideas (scripting with subsets) Doc Pio 4. x the client is required to call set_strategy N times each time with 1+1326 arguments, where the first argument was an index of a child node. In this video I will show you how to improve your PioSOLVER study methods. 2x speed, 1. However, these tools may not be a priority for beginners, as. もう一つ言いたいこととして、私はPioSolverには多少無理をしてでも複数のサイズを入れたほうがいいと考えています。. 7%. For 50% ranges: 1. 0 was the average age of disabled-worker beneficiaries in 2020. The Time aggregate filter can set to 1 hour, 6 hours, or 24 hours. Aggregate data examples. Here is one example of such report. 10. If you try to aggregate a categorical field by placing it in a numeric-only bucket like Values or Tooltips, Power BI will count the occurrences of each category. There are guys who sell large amounts of pio sims, if you wanna save time you can always just pay some money to get all flops btn vs bb singleraised with multiple betsizes per street. – Pot ential impacts of COVID-19 on the annual financial statements of the Group. Various scripts automating use of PioSolver, a postflop Nash Equilibrium solver for NLHE. The output will display the DKIM record for the domain, including the public key and other information. A solver is a powerful piece of poker software that calculates ‘optimal’ strategies (called solutions) for user-inputted scenarios. This often requested feature is finally available. 8. The developer reviews the assembly output from the compiler and ensures that SIMD instructions are used as much as possible. 0-2025-06-15, were released on June 15, 2025, your license would not be valid for that version, but you could purchase a support extension at any date, say July 21, 2025, and receive updates for one year from. Between 2009 and 2019, the number of adverse events (AEs) for drugs and therapeutic biologic products recorded by the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) increased more than 300%, from 490,032 to 2. ASTM D75 is the standard practice for sampling aggregates. ＜PioSOLVERでEVについて学ぶ方法＞ ・Strategy + EVを表示する ・2アクションのEV差を可視化（その純粋戦略はEV差が大きいの？） ・EVの内訳について詳しく考える → foldしてくれた場合、callされた場合等にどのようなEVを見込んでいる？PioSolverには複数のベットサイズを入れよう. save/load trees, build trees, choose accuracy/running time. Select the dropdown of the active player, and you’ll have the option to copy the ranges of particular. Deepsolver solves two-player post-flop No-Limit Hold'em, with multiway pots and many other formats (such as Pot-Limit Omaha and NLH. That’s why processing forensic reports requires wrangling a lot of data, so DMARC monitoring services that do offer this often come with a higher price tag. . 16)It's now possible to add per-combo stats to aggregation reports. Description. 168 by (4*3) to get the count of unique two suited flops = 1. Various scripts automating use of PioSolver, a postflop Nash Equilibrium solver for NLHE. Aggregate reporting involves the compilation of safety data for a drug over a prolonged period of time (months or years), as opposed to single-case reporting which, by definition, involves only. 2x memory. As it iterates, the poker solver will get closer and closer to GTO, which is a state where neither player. However most of PioSolver licenses are not floating licenses and they are not intended to be frequently moved. By "license" we mean terms and condition for using the software (or "end user license agreement"). Cement-treated base (CTB) is a cost-effective and sustainable solution for road construction and maintenance. Remember to pick the correct date range when the reports were received when you view the data. 7%. xml添加其他所有子模块的dependency（所以build时需要执行到mvn install阶段，把其他所有子模块install到本地maven仓库中），使用jacoco-maven-plugin的goal:merge把各个子模块生成的jacoco. The figure labels each cell in a sales. Study lines like delayed cbet, check raise, bet check bet, etc. Secondo video dedicato agli script di PIO Solver, nel primo abbiamo visto cosa sono e come si fanno, in questo secondo abbiamo visto come analizzare i risult. Mail delivery times in the service are affected by many factors, and the absolute delivery time in seconds is often not a good indicator of success or a problem. Combined with the algorithm described above, the performance surpasses paid solvers such as PioSOLVER and GTO+. Simple 3-Way – Price: $249. 0 new saves can be loaded in fast mode. 0,. To sum values within a certain date range, use a SUMIFS formula with start and end dates as criteria. It is an example of aggregate data. 12-SNAPSHOT:report-aggregate. TB programs submit these data through the National Tuberculosis Indicators Project (NTIP), a web-based monitoring tool that allows TB programs to monitor their performance toward. Assign PKO bounties. The interface is the same as before with one more street to choose. • Site-level data may be most meaningful but corporate-level data may be more reliable and comparable. PioSOLVER, Simple Postflop, GTO+ and More: Advanced Tools for Serious Poker Players. Confirm that all sending MTA’s on behalf of the specified domain are aligning the appropriate identifiers appropriately. PioSOLVER implements UPI (Universal Poker Interface) - a text communication protocol which makes it easy to write your own scripts, integrate. As such, there is a learning curve and if you put garbage into it, you will get garbage out. To do so, simply select the “copy” button above either player’s range. It stands for DKIM alignment mode. 'none' is used to collect DMARC reports and gain insight into the current emailflows and their status; rua: A list of URIs for email service providers to send aggregate reports to. The clot sections, core biopsy, marrow aspirate, and touch preps all contribute to the overall assessment of patients’ collected marrow. I created a simple aggregate report to analyze a flop scenario, focusing on a single-raised, UTG vs BB pot in a 6-max, 100BB cash game. r/poker. Reply More posts you may like. x behavior. Developed by the PioSolver team, this tool offers a suite of analytical features not found in other PLO equity calculators. Speed benchmark with piosolver. Customizable rake structures. Many of BTNs overbets have become half-pot bets as the solver opts for lower-variance lines. This compares to a long-term average. Method 2 uses the TEXTJOIN function. 17)Rounding preflop Rounding feature now works for preflop trees as well. このNoteでは、一例としてGTO+を使ったターンの分析方法を紹介します。. The interface is the same as before with one more street to choose. Juego con faroles en el flop - Parte 1. Juego con faroles en el flop - Parte 2. 10. PioSOLVER is perfect for high volume analysis:-You can choose size of the save (full memory dump, flops+turns, flops only); in case of small saves PioSOLVER takes care of recalculating missing parts of the tree automatically and the delay is barely noticeable when browsing; Fix Your Preflop Ranges Using Piosolver. ) Functions shown as accepting numeric_type are available for all the types smallint, integer, bigint, numeric, real, and double precision. Log Aggregation 101: Methods, Tools, Tutorials and More. Choose one of our sample configurations (you can create your own but this is a quick start guide). Here is one example of such report for 2nd barrel in a 3bet pot: CLICK. Translating solver outputs into human language to simplify the learning curve. A solver is a powerful piece of poker software that calculates ‘optimal’ strategies (called solutions) for user-inputted scenarios. How to PIO | BitB Cash - The best 6max poker coaching! Monthly 1on1's, 2 group sessions per week, 100's of hours of videos. The below screen shot is after maintenance of the aggregates. If the energy sector is excluded, the growth rate for the index. It provides exact EV of every play, every hand, exact frequency of every play and exact range the play is made with. Overall, and compared to other tools that are similar, this one is my top pick. A very fast GTO solver for Holdem. Therefor it's not recommended to run aggregation reports on the rivers on small trees. In addition, Excel formulas can be used to aggregate data to create meaningful reports. This makes using a poker solver much easier. PioSOLVER 2 GTO Trainer is a tool that allows you to practice your poker skill preparing you for real play. By default, DMARC aggregate reports are delivered to the address you speficied in the rua tag daily (every 24 hours). addListener (new TextListener (System. I tried piosolver@piosolver. the GTO trainer, analyzing aggregated reports, or just going over individual hands. Is piosolver basic good enough for that? (price of $249) Or do I need a better version? Simple 3-Way Review. Range explorer, node locking, aggregation reports. I see a lot of players using Piosolver. This example compares the aggregate flop c-betting frequency between General and Basic solutions. And for some of the more difficult capabilities, there are always tutorials and videos available, all backed by excellent support. Posted 5 years, 10 months ago. 作成方法はPioSOLVERのFlop設定の画面でランダムにgenerateをするときに22100を選択すると自動的に1755Flopが作成されます。 PioSOLVER公式サイト内のFlopサブセット. Press Enter to execute the command. When effectively implemented, PV can drive competitive advantage by developing a stronger benefit-risk profile and improved identification of at-risk patients. In addition to the application fee and an annual land rent, royalties on extracted materials are charged: An annual land rental for a lease or a licence is based. Like many of today’s most important industries, digital data, metrics, and KPIs (key performance indicators) are part. x the client is required to call set_strategy N times each time with 1+1326 arguments, where the first argument was an index of a child node and following 1326 floats were strategy. 2. PioSolver flop semplificatons Posted by Th3Kris Posted by Th3Kris posted in Mid Stakes. In the Save As dialog box, select a location for the . ) The domain owner can set any address they would like as the value of the rua tag – a mailbox in the same domain, an address elsewhere within the organizational domain, or an. Costs money though, and its mostly useful if you want to run aggregate reports and compare ev costs of simplification etc etc. clear how you reached t he judgement about quality of the evidence, based on what you report (in the results section or in a shortened form in footnotes to the SoF table). PioSOLVER is one of the most popular GTO poker solvers on the market. PioSolver licenses are personal licenses that one person can use on computers that he or she is using. Select a report from the overview or from the project sidebar to begin generating the report. Now, we’re going to consider the importance of reporting in healthcare. Alternatively, you can select a specific part of their range. An introduction to performing an aggregation analysis across multiple flop scenarios. It means that the solver will only read data from the disk on an as needed basis, which will hugely reduce the loading time - especially of the full saves. 2 of 3 Testing Flop Cbet Strategies. Those are useful to visualize how well various part of the range play. 「Flopで～」「Turnで～」など，調べたいノードが変わるたびに1から集合分析を実行する必要が. The GRADE assessment table (Section 3 Appendix 1) can be used to work through a GRADE assessment for each outcome. 17)Rounding preflop Rounding feature now works for preflop trees as well. Where the description. 10)Storing the solver adjustments in the tree. Stop searching for complex solutions. This test is not applicable to aggregate. 1 of 3 The Basics. . The flakiness index of an aggregate sample is found by separating the flaky particles and expressing their mass as a percentage of the mass of the sample tested. Just email [email protected] solvers express this exploitability in terms of the % of the pot that either player can exploit the other player’s strategy for. Lymphoid follicle: Similar to a lymphoid aggregate (sometimes used interchangeably) but typically refers to a more. C++. To force Matomo to re-process your reports you can use one of the following solutions: (Recommended) Invalidate historical reports by calling a Console command, or using the API, or using a user interface, to tell Matomo to invalidate and re-process the past reports. So devide 12. But it is an option. Will attach a big monitor but only for lots of resolution/real estate, not for snappy gaming. WSP has established a network of accredited soils laboratories across. Consult with Email Service Providers (ESPs): Each ESP is unique when it comes to DKIM. PioSOLVER 3. 00Cheapish AMD Build for Piosolver - Huge calculations and ram requirements. However, they can affect the detailed commodity statistics. PioSOLVER公式サイトの下部にそれぞれ25,49,74,95,184のflopサブセットの用意. This often requested feature is finally available. 0 Edge. Ask for samples. Latest News. 0% reported above analyst expectations. 2. Input config log thread number. 55. PioSolverには複数のベットサイズを入れよう. when buying new computer, renting a server etc. もう一つ言いたいこととして、私はPioSolverには多少無理をしてでも複数のサイズを入れたほうがいいと考えています。. The challenging part, as noted above, is using those DMARC aggregate reports to identify all those services that are sending email “as” the domain. 我觉得从任何PioSolver以外的软件开始讨论Solver软件将是我的失误。最近几年来，“Pio”已经成为了Solver软件的代名词，几乎我认识的所有中低注额职业牌手都频繁将“Pio”用做动词，就像人们常说的“google”一下那样。Pharmacovigilance aggregate reporting is nothing short of revolutionary for patient safety! Aggregate reports and aggregate safety reports not only offer an invaluable way to identify and address any issues with a given drug, but they also offer the opportunity to monitor its long-term effects thoroughly. (Failure reports are similarly directed with the ruf tag. Solver Pro is great. i´ll start working in spots, for example 3bet pot bb vs sbrf: Format for message failure reports. Go to Tree building and calculation tab. Preflop solver with a variety of settings and nice. Customized aggregate reports. . 「Flopで～」「Turnで～」など，調べたいノードが変わるたびに1から集合分析を実行する必要が. Our custom solutions have achieved speed and accuracy that outperform all benchmarks! GTO Wizard AI leverages the power of artificial intelligence to quickly and accurately solve complex poker spots. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. 8 million people were newly awarded Social Security benefits in 2020. If this is something you would be interested in, please drop a comment with your thoughts (and how many. 3. Right? Wrong! Read on to find out the 5 biggest mistakes people make when trying to improve their game using a GTO poker solver, 1. For preflop you can just get charts and stick to them, no reason to constantly solve preflops. intuiting betting volume based on ranges and stack depth. Not scriptable. PioSOLVER is fast poker solver for Holdem and allows inputs like starting ranges, bet sizes and desired accuracy. The purpose of this addendum is to use advanced. Customizable play against the solutions, you can mass upload your DB and get hands analyzed, you can browse aggregate reports, etc. A column between the Producer’s quality control tests is left blank for the Agency to record comparison test results. For more information, see Aggregate Functions Reference (Report Builder and SSRS). Aon's Reinsurance Aggregate FY 2019. PioSOLVERでは、計算コストは両プレイヤの レンジの和集合 から定まります（消費メモリだけでなく、計算速度に関してもそうなるようです）。. The jacoco-report-aggregation plugin provides this ability via a standalone project used to specify which subprojects to include for aggregation. Here is a brief rundown of how Hand2Note provides these capabilities. This is mainly a bugfix release with some changes under the cover to make future development easier. hi guys i´m new at pio and i want know how you use it for study. Just email info@dandbpoker. The <report id> tag contains the report ID number. Go to your browser and type, download jmeter. A tag already exists with the provided branch name. Offers filtering options for the raw data. com with ADVANCED BONUS in the subject header and attach proof of purchase of the Advanced Video Pack (screenshot) and I'll send you a link to. ’ Aggregates which have been artificially heated shall not normally be used. 1 and highlight the top 10 and bottom 10 contributors. So now you can apply subsets as a filter to view fewer flops. Incentives - the easy and powerful way to do player profiling. com, orders@piosolver. py allows you to interact with through this interface with Python scripts. RUA is a more general type of report. As tested on 3 year old i7 quad (i7-3770) which should represent typical not too new/not too old hardware: For full ranges: 1. py. S&P 500 Aggregate Estimates and Revisions. 17min. 1h 11min. 0. The PBRER replaces the PSUR format previously described in the ICH -E2C(R1). 2%. authorities have access to aggregate risk data that complies with the FSB’s Key Attributes of Effective Resolution Regimes for Financial 4 as well as the principles set out Institutions. exe and follow the instructions. The scope parameter must be set. 0 is also available as a separate tool. We are also adding a convenient updater. 0. Can anyone inform me the pros and cons of these 3 solvers (gto+, simple postflop, piosolver pro) and if the extra money is worth it. 4 bb/100. Lately i’ve been watching a ton of training videos and material because i’m trying to improve my game. It applies only to sand and gravel pits and construction aggregate (rock). . PIOSolver. PioSolver. This allows Valimail to receive your DMARC aggregate reports. The Census Bureau has. After you've struck the items off the checklist above, you should be fine. Poonam brings expertise in literature management as a pharmacovigilance and safety expert with over eleven years of experience in the areas of ICSR, Literature, Aggregate Reports, and Signal Reviews. they were able to batch the the calls for each iteration, making it 1000 batched calls. 5 mm to 20 mm 40 mm Aggregates for Mass concrete Small & Medium Large & Very large iii) All – in – Aggregate b) Fine aggregates are further classified as given below depending on source (Aggregates fromAt a ready mixed concrete plant aggregates are typically stored in a bin or a stockpile. Before moving on to usual feature list let's talkYou’ve realised that to be a poker badass in 2019 you probably need to be using PioSolver, you’ve bought yourself a license and you’re ready to go. In this video, we will show you how to use Aggregated Flop Reports to create a general game plan in any poker spot you can imagine. Join the discord - find the stud. Recap DMARC deployment. 36 0-5 13. This often requested feature is finally available. 0! This is our first major version upgrade and it's a big one. These 2 reports serve different purposes. Aggregate Reports . Building adaptive solutions that more closely match the player’s level and that are easier to study. Optional. (These are separated out merely to avoid cluttering the listing of more-commonly-used aggregates. 自然にCFRアルゴリズムを実装すると、このような現象は起こらないので、. I’ve never used GTO+ but from what I hear. PioSolver flop semplificatons. Responsible for the production of aggregate and ad-hoc safety reporting for therapeutic team products, where Shire is the Global Safety Database holder. Strategy: Business strategy must take into account the benefit-risk characteristics of each product. It is based around an in-depth examination of what is meant by game theory optimal play (GTO) and how it can be applied at the table. ruf: Forensic (Failure) report sending destination. Robust data capacity. PioSolver 2. This report is submitted to the. Select Save. We suggest using forensic reports (fo=1) because aggregate reports can be very long, which makes them harder to read. 5 inches in diameter. 3 different bet sizes are used at least 10% of the time (100%, 66%, and 33% pot-sized bets). Deploy SPF and DKIM records for your domain. The tag is optional, but you won’t receive reports if you skip it. . This report endeavors to show trends, successes, population, demographic characteristics, and subgroups that the homeless population is composed. 0 Edge is our top-tier Head's-Up Hold'em solver. Go to Tree building and calculation tab. Unless you are playing highstakes, you probably don’t need a preflop solver. This is a bugfix release, many things were fixes, including: 1)Small saves with ICM didn't work correctly (recalculated street didn't contain ICM), sadly old saves didn't contain all the information so they will still produce nonsense. Study what turns. Please note – we use state of the art encryption software on our videos, plus we do not allow simultaneous logins, or a large number of unique IP’s. Subscribe. In JMeter, we have different listeners to view the result of Test Plan, in which aggregate report is one of the listeners that are provided by the JMeter. Our top-tier Heads-Up Holdem solver. This policy applies to regional mines that are authorized for mining activities for more than five years. 2. In PioSolver 1. The four components of a routine bone marrow analysis. It's the "mailto:" URI that ESPs use to send failure reports. 2. PioSolver Free is a very quick turn and river solver that includes a range explorer (flops included), node locking, and solving with rake. Readers should refer to the full report for a comprehensive explanation of the Round 3 results. Is it worth the money if you are wanting to study hands and improve your game? It does seem quite a complicated program to work. 2. Today it's ready for public release. The most commonly used solvers include PioSolver, GTO+ and Simple Postflop. I have been running into an issue where each of the targets seems to be building assembly attributes when I have explicitly turned them off with <TargetFramework>netstand. It was released in 2015 and got a significant update in 2021. The usage option is explaining the number of times use for this aggregate. e. To return aggregate values, set the fetch element aggregate attribute to true. R. although it will give youba good picture of ranges and how is possible to play them. If the energy sector is excluded, the growth rate for the index is -3.